2016/2017

2018/2019

DM270

CHIM/02 (PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY)

DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY "LAZZARO SPALLANZANI"

BIOTECHNOLOGY

Biomolecolare

3°

(01/03/2019 - 14/06/2019)

6

48 lesson hours

Italian

ORAL TEST

BERBENNI VITTORIO (titolare) - 6 ECTS

For what concerns mathematics it will be useful that the students can accomplish derivatives and integration of simple functions. Also known shall be the straightline equation. The concepts of general chemistry they lerned during the 1° year are: 1) stoichiometric balance of reaction equation; 2) nChemical equilibrium and law of mass action, 3) Factors that affect the rate of a chemical reaction .
Physic: basics of mechanics and thermodynamics . The electromagnetic spectrum and the relationship wavelenght-frequency.

The student will familiarize with the thermodynamic functions (H,U,S,G,A) and how they can be used.
He will lern the three principles of the thermodynamics and how an equilibrium constant can be calculated. As for kinetic: he will lern wich are the factors affecting the reaction rate and what a reaction mechanism is.
He well be able to record an IR spectra and to give a limited but precise interpretation of many features of the spectrum itself.

The first principle of thermodynamics: heat and work. The thermodynamic properties internal energy (U) and enthalpy (H).The relationship between U und H.
Thermochemistry: the formation enthalpy. What is it, how can it be determined, what is its use. Enthalpy of chemical reaction and its dependence on the temperature. Relationship between the enthalpy of formation and the bond energy: some examples..
The second principle of thermodynamics: the function entropy and its thermodynamic and statistic definition. Entropy and spontaneous processes. Entropy changes with pressure and temperature. The transition entropy. The third principle of thermodynamics: the calculation of the absolute entropy of a substance as a function of temperature. The functions G and A: physical meaning. The chemical equilibrium: the equilibrium constant and its dependence on pressure and temperature. Calculation of the equilibrium constant.
Kinetics of chemical reaction: mean rate and instantaneous rate. The order of reaction: what is it and how can be determined. The kinetic constant and the Arrhenius equation. Some examples of mechanism of chemical reactions.
Vibrational spectroscopy: fundamental. The selection rules. Description of a FT-IR spectrometer: the components and how they wrork. Guidelines for the interpretation of the IR spectra of organic molecules, Examples of interpretation of IR spectra. Individuation of functional groups on the basis of IR spectrum.

As concerns the part of physical chemistry (thermodynamics and kinetics) lesson will be held where simple numerical exercises will be solved to clarify the concepts just presented during the lessons.
The part devoted to the IR spectroscopy will consist of: 1) lessons on the principles of IR spectroscopy;
2) guide to the interpretation of vibrational spectra of organic molecules with many examples presented and discussed with the students 3) Description in laboratory of the working of a FT-IR spectrophotometer and of the different sampling techniques.

Notes provided from the teacher. Copies of the transparencies shown during the lectures.

The oral exam is constituted by two parts. The student can make the complete exam or can also divide it in two parts.
The first part (Physical Chemistry- Thermodynamics and Kinetics): the discussed arguments are separated into 8 topics-. The student can choose one of them and he/she will present th topics. Then he/she will be requested to speak on another of the arguments discussed and not included in the topics selected by the student.
In the secon part (FT-IR spectroscopy) the student has to comment and try to interprete ½ IR spectra of organic molecules (included in those presented in the classroom)

No