2021/2022

2021/2022

DM270

DEPARTMENT OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE

BIOMEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNIQUES

PERCORSO COMUNE

1°

2nd semester (01/03/2022 - 17/06/2022)

3

Italian

To follow the course better, the student must have attended the lessons and acquired the knowledge in the basic subjects of the first semester (chemistry, biochemistry, anatomy, physiology etc).

Knowledge of the main techniques for measuring drug concentrations in biological matrices for pharmacological monitoring; study of some topics of pharmacokinetics and clinical pharmacology.
Knowledge of the aspects concerning the investigations carried out in the forensic toxicology field. In particular, the student should learn the main pre-analytical aspects of toxicological analysis of blood, urine and hair, and the substances that are generally monitored in forensic toxicology.

Clinical pharmacology and drug monitoring methodologies:

Pharmaceutical forms. Concept of solution, emulsion and suspension, isotony.
Parenteral preparations: preparation of mixtures for parenteral feeding and for hydro-electrolytic rebalancing (sterility, apyrogenicity, isotony, pH, stability).
ADME. Dose - drug blood level relationship, plasma concentration-time curves, therapeutic range.
Utility of drug monitoring in biological fluids.
Drugs for which monitoring is indicated and main methods used.
Determination of the unbound fraction of drug and its usefulness.Main pharmacokinetic parameters and their determination: apparent volume of distribution, clearance, bioavailability, half-life and steady-state, elimination constant, bioequivalence.
Compliance. Causes of variability in drug response.
Controlled clinical trial.
Preparation of biological samples for the determination of drugs and their metabolites (liquid-liquid, liquid-solid extraction, etc.).
Homogeneous phase (EMIT, FPIA) and heterogeneous phase (RIA, ELISA, MEIA) immunological methods.
Chromatographic methods: High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Gas Chromatography (GC). Construction of a calibration curve and qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the analytes contained in unknown biological samples.
Notes on the validation of analytical methods: within study validation and practical applications.
Quality control in the drug monitoring laboratory.
Limits and potential of the usual analytical methods.

Forensic Toxicology:

1. A first part dedicated to the Forensic Toxicology field, by discussing main case reports and all the analyses carried out for each, thus teaching how to choose the proper biological matrix to be processed;
2. The second part will focus on the main substances of forensic interest, such as common and new drugs of abuse and ethyl alcohol
3. The last part will focus on the pre-analytical techniques such as liquid-liquid extraction and SPE extraction, and main instrumental methods, like GC-MS and LC-MS.

Face-to-face lectures carried out through presentations (Power Point) projected on the screen and possible further information using the blackboard or with other systems or Zoom platform in relation to the COVID-19 emergency.
Lessons will be carried out through an interactive method, by directly involving the student with questions and requests of speech.

M. Fuccella, E. Perucca, C. Sirtori - Farmacologia Clinica . UTET 2006. ISBN-10 : 8802053928

B. Levine. Principles of Forensic Toxicology. 5th ed. Springer. 2021. ISBN-10 ‏: ‎3030429199

Clinical pharmacology and drug monitoring methodologies:
Esame orale effettuato in presenza o tramite internet (piattaforma Zoom) in relazione all'emergenza COVID-19.
Viene dato risalto alla grafica: lo studente dovrà saper disegnare correttamente le curve concentrazione plasmatica del farmaco – tempo, ecc. Oral exam carried out face-to-face or via the internet (Zoom platform) in relation to the COVID-19 emergency. Graphics is emphasized: the student must know how to draw drug plasma concentration - time curves, etc.

Forensic Toxicology:
The exam can be carried out into two different ways; through an oral or through a a written quiz with multiple choice.

The lecturer Fausto Feletti receives by appointment face-to-face or via the internet (Zoom platform) and can be contacted by email at prof.fausto.feletti@universitadipavia.it.