2021/2022

2021/2022

DM270

BIO/10 (BIOCHEMISTRY)

DEPARTMENT OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE

MEDICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGIES

PERCORSO COMUNE

1°

2nd semester (28/02/2022 - 10/06/2022)

6

48 lesson hours

Italian

WRITTEN AND ORAL TEST

FORLINO ANTONELLA (titolare) - 3 ECTS
BESIO ROBERTA - 3 ECTS

For the Systematic Human and Pathological Biochemistry Module, good knowledge of general Biochemistry is required, provided as part of the 1st level study course.

The biochemistry module within the integrated biochemistry and cell biology course comprises two parts: human systematic biochemistry and pathological systematic biochemistry.

As part of the human systematic biochemical part, specific metabolic pathways of certain tissues and organs will be examined: liver, muscle tissue, adipose tissue and their regulation and integration. The course aims to: 1) complete the framework of metabolic knowledge provided with the teaching of Biochemistry in the first level study course; 2) the development of an overview of the metabolic pathways and their regulation in an integrated context; 3) knowledge of specific metabolisms of the various tissues and organs examined and their hormonal integration and regulation.

The objectives of the part of Pathological Systematic Biochemistry are the knowledge of the molecular basis of some hereditary and non-hereditary pathologies and the knowledge of the importance of some biochemical pathways for tissue homeostasis.

Part of: Human Systematic Biochemistry

-The liver: general functions.
.Role of the liver in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism: glycogenosynthesis and hepatic glycogenolysis, their coordinated regulation. Via the hexosomonophosphate. Gluconeogenesis and its regulation coordinated with that of glycolysis.
Lipid metabolism: general role of the liver. Biosynthesis of fatty acids, triglycerides of phospholipids and cholesterol and related regulations. β-oxidation of Fatty Acids, ketogenesis and regulation. Structure and function of bile salts. Plasma lipoproteins: structure, classification, main characteristics of the protein component, metabolism.
.Hepatic metabolism of proteins. Hepatic degradation of amino acids, genetic and glycogenetic keto amino acids. Urea cycle.
.Hepatic detox reactions. Damage protection systems for oxidative events. Main conjugation reactions: glucuronation, sulphation, methylation, acetylation, etc.
Overall metabolic activity of the liver under conditions of good nutrition and fasting.
-The adipose tissue. White and brown adipose tissue: biochemical and functional differences. Single- and multi-locular adipocytes.
Biochemical composition of adipose tissue.
Lipid metabolism in different metabolic conditions. Lipogenesis and liponeogenesis. Glycero-neo-genesis. Lipolysis and hormonal regulation (effects of catecholamines, glucagon and insulin).
Thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue: the decoupling protein (UCP).
Secretory activity of adipose tissue: main protein factors produced and their biological role (Adipsin, ASP, cytokines etc.). Hormonal activity of adiponectin and leptin. Role of leptin and insulin in controlling hunger stimulation.
-Metabolism of skeletal muscle. Functional and metabolic differences of red and white fibers. Main metabolic substrates used in anaerobic or aerobic conditions.
Role of the creatine-phosphocreatine system. Use of glucose in muscle and its regulation.
Myocardium: morphological, functional and metabolic differences between myocardial cell and skeletal muscle fibrocell.
-Insulin and Glucagon. Secretion and overall regulatory activity on the metabolism of the two hormone

Part of: Pathological Systematic Biochemistry

During the course the biochemical and molecular bases acquired during the first level degree course will be taken up and suitably integrated to better face the understanding of some hereditary and non-hereditary pathologies affecting lung skin and skeletal system. The following topics will be covered in detail:
• Mechanisms of signal transduction
• Molecular basis of lung diseases with particular attention paid to obstructive, vascular, infectious, histiocytic and occupational diseases;
• Molecular basis of skin diseases with particular attention paid to genetic and acquired transmission pathologies;
• Molecular basis of bone and cartilage diseases with particular attention paid to genetic and acquired pathologies, and arthritis.

Part of Human Systematic Biochemistry
The teacher uses frontal lessons based on power point presentations that are provided to students as teaching materials.
The lessons are weekly and lasting 2 hours each for a total of 24 hours.

Part of Pathological Systematic Biochemistry
The teacher uses frontal lessons based on power point presentations that are provided to students as additional teaching material to the recommended textbook.
The lessons are weekly and lasting 2 hours each for a total of 24 hours.

Part of Human Systematic Biochemistry

David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox: "Lehninger's principles of biochemistry" VI Ed. Zanichelli
C. Marcello Caldarera: "Human Systematic Biochemistry" CLUEB II Ed.


Part of Pathological Systematic Biochemistry

Coleman William B, Tsongalis Gregory J; Molecular pathology, The molecular basis of human disease; Academic Press, Elsevier

Human Systematic Biochemistry and Pathological Systematic Biochemistry: written test with final mark out of thirty and possible honors.