2021/2022

2021/2022

DM270

BIO/09 (PHYSIOLOGY)

DEPARTMENT OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE

MEDICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGIES

PERCORSO COMUNE

1°

1st semester (04/10/2021 - 21/01/2022)

6

48 lesson hours

Italian

ORAL TEST

LAFORENZA UMBERTO (titolare) - 6 ECTS

physics, biochemistry, anatomy.

The Physiology and Biophysics module is aimed at students who have already followed and learned physiology teachings in the bachelor's degree and is aimed at deepening knowledge of physiology of the nervous and endocrine systems. At the end of the course the student will have acquired fundamental knowledge also on the neurocrine and endocrine control modalities on the different tissues and systems.

Tipi di traduzione
Traduzione del testo
Testo di origine
3120 / 5000
Risultati della traduzione
Part I: Nervous system

Neurons, nerve fibers

Rest potential

Action potential

Phases, characteristics (threshold, law of all or nothing, refractoriness, conduction, saltatory conduction), ionic bases. Conduction of action potential. Classification of nerve fibers.

Chemical and electrical synapses

Structure, mechanisms of chemical transmission, characteristics of excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials, properties of synaptic transmission.

Mechanism and mode of onset of the action potential in a neuron (neuron discharge).

Fate of the neurotransmitter.

Reflex arcs

Reflex arc: definition, constituents, characteristics, and electrical phenomena. General properties of reflexes: involuntary, adequate stimulus, finalism, threshold, reflexogenic area, local sign, central reflex time, spatial and temporal summation, irradiation, occlusion and summation of subliminal fringes, recruitment, posthumous discharge, reflex inhibition.

CNS motor function

Spinal control of motility, spinal motor reflex arches. Proprioceptors. Myotatic reflex: description, reflex arc, characteristics of the stretch reflex and the inverse stretch reflex. Efferent gamma system. Muscle tone. Defensive reflexes. Spinal animal.

Vegetative nervous system

Anatomical organization, chemical mediators, functions.

Hypothalamus

Functions.

Brain control of motility

Control of the axial and distal muscles. Descending motor pathways: from the cortex (corticospinal, corticobulbar and brain stem) and from the brain stem (medial, lateral and aminergic). Cortical motor areas.

Basal ganglia

Anatomical references. Organization, functions during movement and at rest. Huntington's disease and Parkinson's disease.

Cerebellum

Anatomical references. Organization, functions. Vestibolocerebello, spino cerebello, neocerebello. Cerebellar cortex and its organization in relation to the deep nuclei. Cerebellar lesions.

Sensory function

Receptors: definition, structure, classification, characteristics. Transduction and coding. Sensitivity classifications. Pathways of somatoesthetic sensitivity (medial, spinal and trigeminal lemniscus). Somatoesthetic cortex. Activating reticular system, evoked cortical potentials and diffuse secondary response. Electroencephalogram and sleep.



Part II: Physiology of the endocrine system

General principles: classification, synthesis, deposit, release into circulation
Transport of hormones in the blood, mechanism of action of hormones / receptors
Secretion control: baseline and as needed (feed-back, nervous)
Hypo-, hyper-secretion, deficit and excess response
Endocrine glands, hormones produced, chemical structure of the hormone, actions and regulation of secretion

- Hypothalamus and Pituitary (hypothalamus-hypophosis axis)
- Endocrine pancreas
- Adrenal: medullary and cortical
- Thyroid
- Male and female gonads
- Calcemia and phosphate control; calcium and phosphorus metabolism and their control by parathyroid hormone, calcitonin and calcitriol

frontal lessons

Fisiologia medica Ganong - Piccin

Fisiologia medica Guyton&Hall- Masson

Principi di Fisiologia Berne – Levy Casa Editrice Ambrosiana

Fisiologia medica Conti Edi-ermes

Neuroscienze – Purves – Zanichelli

The exam will be in oral form.