2021/2022

2021/2022

DM270

CHIM/03 (GENERAL AND INORGANIC CHEMISTRY)

DEPARTMENT OF EARTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

NATURAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES

PERCORSO COMUNE

1°

1st semester (04/10/2021 - 14/01/2022)

6

48 lesson hours

Italian

ORAL TEST

CARUGO OLIVIERO ITALO (titolare) - 9 ECTS
CAPUCCIATI ANDREA - 0 ECTS
DE CARO SILVIA - 0 ECTS

Math tools and concepts: elementary notions of mathematical analysis (limits and derivatives), logarithms and exponential functions, proportions – and, obviously, arithmetic and basics trigonometry.
Physics tools and concepts: the concept of energy (potential, kinetics, electrostatic) and mass.
No background in Chemistry is necessary.

The student is supposed to acquire the basic chemical knowledge that is necessary to understand several geological topics, ranging from mineralogy to geochemistry.

The course is divided into four parts. The first part is focused on the electronic structure of atoms and molecules (Bohr’s atom model, the Schroedinger equation, the atomic orbitals, the Hartree-Fock approximations for non-hydrogen atoms, periodicity, and the periodic table of the elements). The second part is focused on atomic models and properties of the solid, liquid, and gas states, and on the solutions. Chemical thermodynamics is the focus of the third part; the definition of system, the three principles of thermodynamics, and three state functions – enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy – are described first, and then the chemical equilibrium is defined and examined in acid-base systems – definitions of acids and bases, strong and weak acids and bases, polyprotic acids and bases, definition of pH, computations, and measurements of pH, buffers – and in redox systems – reduction potentials, Nernst equation, batteries, and electrolytic processes - phase diagrams with one and two components are then described and an introduction to chemical kinetics concludes the third part of the course. The fourth and last part is dedicated to an introduction of inorganic chemistry – aluminum, iron, alkali, and alkaline earth metals, copper, silver, and gold – to a brief description of coordination compounds – ligands, chelation, coordination number, coordination geometry – to an introduction to organic chemistry – alkanes, alkenes and alkynes, functional groups, fossil fuels -, and to a short introduction to nuclear chemistry – nucleus stability, alpha, beta and gamma decays, radiometric dating of minerals and artifacts. During the course, several aspects of stoichiometry are introduced, when necessary, including the concept of mole, the computation of solute concentrations in solutions, pH computations, chemical equation balancing and chemical nomenclature.

Lectures, in part assisted by electronics presentations and in part at the blackboard, with periodical exercise sessions, when necessary. The electronic presentations are distributed to the students.

Autore: Nivaldo J. Tro
Titolo: Introduzione alla Chimica
Casa editrice: Pearson (Ed. 2018)
ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 8891904538
ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-8891904539

Autori: L. Palmisano, M. Schiavello
Titolo: Elementi di Chimica
Casa editrice: EdiSES (Ed. 2020)
ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 8836230237
ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-8836230235

During the 30-40 minutes oral examination, the student must prove to know (1) the periodic tables of the elements and of the electron structure of the atoms and (2) the basic chemical nomenclature (hydroxides, oxides, salts, acids). There are then two questions on general topics, like for example (1) the Lewis theory of the covalent bond, (2) the valence-bond theory, (3) the states of the matters, (4) thermodynamics, (5) the redox processes, (6) acids and bases, (7) the state diagrams, (8) inorganic chemistry (iron, copper, aluminum), (9) coordination chemistry, (10) nuclear chemistry, (11) organic chemistry (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, functional groups, carbon, oil and natural gases).

The lectures is available upon request, both in his office and online.

When necessary, students are informed of the dangers associated with the production and use of chemical compounds, such as mining, the consumption of fossil fuels, the recycling of plastic, aluminum and ferrous materials, the exploitation of nuclear energy .
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