Course contents
History of Dentistry focused on dental materials. Regulations about dental materials, requirements and Standards, ISO-CEN-UNI, CE mark and marking, Directive EU 93/42 and others, medical devices and dental devices, custom made devices. Mentions about: structure of the material, procedure systems and substances, surface's phenomena. Characteristics of materials: optical, thermal, electrical, mechanical properties. Biocompatibility. Polymers and polymerization. Gypsum based materials and gypsum used in dentistry. Waxes used in dentistry. Impressions and elastic and not-elastic materials for impressions. Synthetic resins for prosthetic use and resins used in restorative dentistry. Composite materials. Adhesion and adhesion' systems. Cements for dental use. Materials for cementation. Liners products. Metallurgy and alloys for dental use. Amalgam, Gallium alloys, cohesive gold. Ceramic materials. Dental applications of Ceramic materials and metal- ceramic systems. Materials for oral hygiene and prophylaxis for oral-dental pathologies. Mechanical properties moist and dry, resistance to compression, traction, hardness. Classification of fillers. Stiff products: gypsum based and impression compounds. ZOE products, cure properties, commercial content, instructions for use, biocompatibility. Impression waxes. Elastic impression materials: hydrocolloids. Reversible agar based hydrocolloids: composition and properties. Not reversible hydrocolloids: composition and properties. System based on reversible and not-reversible hydrocolloids. Cure modes and manipulation of hydrocolloids. Elastomeric impression materials: in general and Standards. Condensation cure silicon and addition cure silicon: composition, cure, properties and manipulation. Polyethers: composition, cure, properties and manipulation. Dental waxes: definitions, composition, physical properties, classification. Resin based prosthetic products: polymethilmethacrylate, polystyrene, vynilacryllic, polycarbonates. Denture products: composition of powder and liquid, production and problems like voids, water content and residual monomer. Self-curing acrylic resins: manipulation, problems and properties. Injection types acrylics. Complete and partial denture relining. Soft material for relining. Dentures repair. Prosthetic teeth. Composites: definitions and composition. The resin matrix and the fillers. The coupling agents. Composite materials on the market. Self-cure or light-cure composites. Photopolymerization and lamps. From led to LASER source. Composite properties: cure time, polymerization shrinkage, thermal properties, water sorption, solubility, mechanical resistance, radio opacity, biocompatibility and aesthetics. Adhesion to tooth structure: how and when. Adhesion to enamel and dentin. Enamel and dentin structure and differences. Dentinal adhesives and conditioning + priming + adhesion system. Hybrid layer and global adhesives and market classification. Biocompatibility. Use of adhesive systems. Dental cements. Zinc oxide based cements. ZOE based cements. Zinc phosphate cements: composition, cure system and control, properties and products. Polycarboxilate Cements: properties and composition. Silicate Cements: composition of the powder and liquid, ratio and cure. Fluorine presence and action. Silicate-phosphate cements. CVI: history, composition, development, cure systems, adhesive properties. Clinical performance of CVI: biocompatibility, fluorine release, adhesion, marginal seal, mechanical properties and esthetics. Resin modified glass ionomers: composition and ratio, cure systems and clinical performance. Compomers: composition, cure systems, adhesion. Luting agents: scope, retention vs adhesive cements. Underlayered products: pulp-dentin system, pulp capping. Dental varnishes: scope and manipulation. Liners: market products, calcium hydroxide and others. Bases: types and products. Dental ceramic products: high and low temperature firing. Alumina based ceramics and all-ceramic vs metal-ceramic systems. Interfaces between metal frameworks and esthetic ceramic layers. Alloys for metal-ceramic systems. Zirconia and zirconia-ceramic systems. All ceramic products: casting, machining, firing. Core materials and infiltrated glasses. Metals and alloys: in general, properties, crystal structure. Pure metals: solid-liquid properties and nucleation. Grain size and development, grow, voids and lack. Alloys: properties and composition, phase diagrams. Solid solutions, heterogeneous systems and intermetallic compound. Production of the alloys and ingot and bars. Wrought and casting systems. Techniques to improve mechanical properties of the alloys. Aging and thermal treatments: annealing, hardening, tempering. Work hardening. Discoloration and corrosion. Moist and dry corrosion. Galvanic cell. Electrochemical properties of the elements and alloys. Oral cavity as an environment and corrosion. Dental alloys: crown and bridges, inlay and onlay. Esthetic layering of alloys: ceramic vs resin based products. Alloys for metal-ceramic systems. Alloys for partial fixed or removable prosthetic devices. Welding and brazing. Pure titanium and titanium alloys. Dental amalgam: in general and production properties. Alloys for dental amalgam and mercury properties. Manipulation: trituration and Hg/alloy ratio, condensation. Dimensional properties and delayed expansion. Creep of amalgam. Clinical use of dental amalgam. Mercury toxicity and dental amalgam. Oral hygiene products: toothpastes, brushes, dental flosses, plaque disclosing systems, denture adhesives, saliva substitute.
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