DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES II
Stampa
Enrollment year
2020/2021
Academic year
2020/2021
Regulations
DM270
Academic discipline
FIS/07 (APPLIED PHYSICS (CULTURAL HERITAGE, ENVIRONMENT, BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE))
Department
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
Course
Curriculum
Fisica biosanitaria
Year of study
Period
1st semester (05/10/2020 - 20/01/2021)
ECTS
6
Lesson hours
48 lesson hours
Language
Italian
Activity type
ORAL TEST
Teacher
LASCIALFARI ALESSANDRO (titolare) - 6 ECTS
Prerequisites
Fundamental aspects of electromagnetism, statistical mechanics and quantum mechanics.
Learning outcomes
Learning of the basis aspects of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, the main aspects of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and of the techniques used for the image reconstruction. The student should have acquired a suitable knowledge of these subjects, in order to follow with a suitable independence level part of the literature in this area and to appropriately interact with the researchers performing Nuclear Magnetic Resonance experiments.
Course contents
The course starts with the description of the magnetic resonance phenomenon, of the Bloch equations, of the NMR spectrum and its connection to the free induction decay signal. Then the effects of nuclear dipolar interaction on the spectra are addressed, as well as the modifications of the NMR spectra induced by electron-nucleus hyperfine coupling are presented. Particular emphasis will be given to the effects of the dynamics on the spectra, on the echo signal and on the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation. The second part of the course deals with the Magnetic Resonance Imaging: one-dimensional imaging, the k-space, the gradient-echo, three-dimensional imaging by means of space, phase and frequency encoding. Then the nuclear density, T1 and T2 weighted images will be presented, along with 2D and 3D MRI sequences. Different techniques for image reconstruction will be addressed: the continuous and discrete Fourier transform, sampling and aliasing, projection and backprojection image reconstruction, Radon transform and M-filtering, the X-ray case. Finally diffusion weighted images will be described, the magnetic properties of tissues, the BOLD technique, functional MRI, fast acquisition techniques and the paramagnetic and superparamagnetic contrast agents.
Last, an introduction to Radiomics and DTI, through seminars, is presented too.
Teaching methods
The course is delivered through lectures, problem solving as well as by giving a practical demonstrations of typical radiofrequency pulse sequences. The videorecorded lectures of the second part are made available to students through KIRO multimedia platform.
Reccomended or required readings
E.M. Haacke, R.W. Brown, M.R. Thompson, R. Venkatesan, Magnetic Resonance Imaging – Physical Principles and Sequence Design – ed.Wiley-Liss
C.P.Slichter, Principles of Magnetic Resonance (Springer Series in Solid State Physics, 3rd edition)
Assessment methods
Oral exam. The students should concentrate on the comprehension of the physical aspects inolved and on the aproximations made during the derivations. It is important to illustrate the working principles of the radiofrequency and gradients pulse sequences used in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging.
Further information
* email docente:
alessandro.lascialfari@unipv.it
* tel. docente : 0382 987499
* ricevimento studenti : appuntamento da concordare via email col docente
* sito web slides lezioni :
https://sites.unimi.it/lascialfari/didactics.htm
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