2019/2020

2021/2022

DM270

BIO/14 (PHARMACOLOGY)

DEPARTMENT OF INTERNAL MEDICINE AND THERAPEUTICS

MEDICINE AND SURGERY

PERCORSO COMUNE

3°

1st semester (27/09/2021 - 14/01/2022)

1

8 lesson hours

Italian

WRITTEN AND ORAL TEST

FELETTI FAUSTO - 1 ECTS

Basics of basic mathematics already used in chemistry and physics courses. Knowledge of biochemical chemistry and physiology. The student must have some concepts of chemical kinetics, i.e. zero and first order processes, however taught in the course.

The learning objectives of the pharmacokinetic course are: 1) understand the meaning of the basic pharmacokinetic parameters (volume of distribution and clearance, bioavailability) and secondary ones (elimination constant, half-life, etc.). 2) Know how to determine pharmacokinetic parameters from the concentration-time curve data. 3) Understand the influence of the mode of administration and the various therapeutic regimens on the plasma concentration-time profile and predict the effect on it of clearance changes, distribution volume, and other specific patient characteristics.

Introduction to pharmacokinetics: absorption, distribution and elimination (metabolism and excretion). Phases of the action of a drug. Systemic drug absorption. Movement of drugs through cellular barriers: mechanisms, factors influencing absorption. Drug administration routes. Modified release forms. Clinical pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, kinetic homogeneity, models. Exponents and logarithms. Meaning of differential calculus, differential equations, integral calculus. AUC determination by trapezoidal rule. Orders of kinetic: zero- and first-order kinetics, Michaelis-Menten kinetic. Pharmacokinetics models: one-compartment model and multiple compartments. Non compartment model. Concentration-time curves, linear plots, semi-log plots. i.v. (bolus) single dose administration. Pharmacokinetic parameters associated with models and their calculation: C0, volume of distribution, clearance, elimination rate constant, half-life. Distribution: definitions, factors affecting drug distribution (characteristics of drug, characteristics of barrier to be crossed, regional blood flow, drug plasma and tissue protein binding, physiological factors and disease states. Blood-brain barrier and placenta transfer of drugs. Clearance: total plasma or blood clearance, organ clearance, extraction ratio. Hepatic clearance, low and high hepatic extraction ratio drugs, renal clearance. Absolute and relative bioavailability. Route and frequency of administration: i.v. continuous constant rate infusion with and without reaching steady state; extra vascular administration and related parameters, single and multiple doses. Generic drugs, biotechnological and biosimilar drugs. Pharmacokinetic interactions.

Presentations (PowerPoint) front-facing lectures projected on-screen and insights using the blackboard.

Laurence Brunton et al., Goodman and Gilman's Le basi farmacologiche della terapia, 13a Edizione, Zanichelli, Bologna, 2019.
M. Fuccella, E. Perucca, C. Sirtori - Farmacologia Clinica. UTET 2006.

Oral examination carried out in the presence or electronically in relation to the COVID-19 emergency. Graphics is emphasized: the student must know how to draw plasma concentration - time curves, etc.

The lecturer will provide .pdf presentations and other study materials of the topics discussed.
He receives by appointment in the presence or via the internet (Zoom platform) and can be contacted by email at prof.fausto.feletti@universitadipavia.it.